Personal representation is an essential element to achieve a high quality of democracy. Many studies of electoral systems, by focusing on the allocation of seats to parties, have neglected the study of this essential dimension. In democratic countries a huge variety of ballot forms and rules exist to vote for individual candidates and to allocate seats. This book studies different voting procedures and formulas for personal representation, their origins and consequences, their compatibility with party representation and the strategies and normative criteria for electoral system choice.
"This book thus contains much extremely valuable material. The chapters are diverse in the issues they address and the methods they use, but this does not detract from their individual merits. Still, much remains to be done. ..The country studies provided here are extremely useful: their findings give useful pointers and generate hypotheses and perationalizations that merit generalization. But most of the work of generalisation still lies before us. In short, this valuable book opens up a considerable research agenda that many of us will want to pursue over the coming years."